[Elevated blood pressure in childhood or adolescence and early cardiovascular damage]

With the increase of overweight and obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents has been an important public health issue globally. Many studies have assessed the association between elevated BP and early cardiovascular damage in children and adolescents. A majority of these studies have highlighted the effects of elevated BP on cardiovascular damage, but with partly inconsistent findings. The studies of biological mechanisms played important roles in illuminating the potential mechanisms of cardiovascular damage caused by elevated BP. In addition, studies on the interventions, including losing weight and lowing BP were beneficial to reduce the occurrence of or reverse early cardiovascular damage. In this review, we reviewed articles on the association between elevated BP and early cardiovascular damage (including structural and functional damage of cardiac and vessels) in children and adolescents, underlying biological mechanisms, and the effectiveness of interventions to provide a reference for the prevention and intervention of early cardiovascular damage caused by elevated BP in children and adolescents and then reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.随着超重肥胖率的增加，儿童青少年血压偏高率不断上升，已成为全球范围内的重要公共卫生问题。目前，许多研究探讨了儿童血压偏高与近期心血管系统损害的关联，多数研究强调了儿童血压偏高对心血管系统损害的影响，但部分结论尚未达成一致。关于生物学机制的研究有利于阐明血压偏高所导致的靶器官损害的潜在生物学机制。关于减轻体重和降低血压等相关干预措施的研究有利于从根源上降低或逆转早期心血管系统损害。本研究系统评价了儿童青少年血压偏高与早期心血管系统损害（包括心脏、血管结构和功能的损害）的关联、其潜在的生物学机制以及相关干预措施的效果，以期为儿童青少年血压偏高所导致的靶器官损害的预防和干预，以及进一步降低成年期心血管疾病的发生提供参考依据。.