[Group B streptococcal infection with 2 recurrences in a newborn]

Group B III streptococcus (GBS) is a predominant pathogen in neonates in France. Relapse is rare and two successive relapses are exceptional: only three cases have been yet reported.A newborn infant of 18 days of age presented a first episode of invasive group B III streptococcal infection with meningitis and ventriculitis. At 53 days of age, a second episode with bacteriemia and parotidis appeared. At 63 days of age, she presented a third episode with meningitis. Genome analysis of the three bacterial strains isolated during the three episodes showed the same clonal origin.We discuss the incidence of the treatment, the eventual presence of a penicillin-tolerant GBS, the possible relapse or recurrence of the pathogen and the role of the relative immunodeficiency in infant.