Mother-level random effect in the association between PM

A growing body of literature reports associations between exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PMTo assess the association between PMIn Israel, we used Maccabi Healthcare Services data to establish a population-based cohort of 381,265 singleton births reaching 24-42 weeks' gestation and birth weight of 500-5000 g (2004-2015). Daily PMIn fully adjusted models with a mother-level random intercept only, a 10-μg/mConsideration of mother-level variability in a region with high fertility rates provides new insights on the strength of associations between PM