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Role and regulation of acylethanolamides in energy balance: focus on adipocytes and beta-cells
- Source :
- British journal of pharmacology. 152(5)
- Publication Year :
- 2007
-
Abstract
- The endocannabinoid, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha ligand, oleylethanolamide (OEA) produce opposite effects on lipogenesis. The regulation of OEA and its anti-inflammatory congener, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), in adipocytes and pancreatic beta-cells has not been investigated. We report here the results of studies on acylethanolamide regulation in these cells during obesity and hyperglycaemia, and provide an overview of acylethanolamide role in metabolic control. We analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry OEA and PEA levels in: 1) mouse 3T3F442A adipocytes during insulin-induced differentiation, 2) rat insulinoma RIN m5F beta-cells kept in 'low' or 'high' glucose, 3) adipose tissue and pancreas of mice with high fat diet-induced obesity (DIO), and 4) in visceral fat or blood of obese or type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. In adipocytes, OEA levels remain unchanged during differentiation, whereas those of PEA decrease significantly, and are under the negative control of both leptin and PPAR-gamma. PEA is significantly downregulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of DIO mice. In RIN m5F insulinoma beta-cells, OEA and PEA levels are inhibited by 'very high' glucose, this effect being enhanced by insulin, whereas in cells kept for 24 h in 'high' glucose, they are stimulated by both glucose and insulin. Elevated OEA and PEA levels are found in the blood of T2D patients. Reduced PEA levels in hypertrophic adipocytes might play a role in obesity-related pro-inflammatory states. In beta-cells and human blood, OEA and PEA are down- or up-regulated under conditions of transient or chronic hyperglycaemia, respectively.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Leptin
Male
Polyunsaturated Alkamides
Reviews
Oleic Acids
Arachidonic Acids
Palmitic Acids
Models, Biological
Mice
Structure-Activity Relationship
Insulin-Secreting Cells
Adipocytes
Animals
Humans
Obesity
Aged
food and beverages
3T3 Cells
Middle Aged
Amides
Mice, Inbred C57BL
PPAR gamma
Review Literature as Topic
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Ethanolamines
Female
Energy Metabolism
Endocannabinoids
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00071188
- Volume :
- 152
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- British journal of pharmacology
- Accession number :
- edsair.pmid.dedup....0b96938b40ef28630944eb90c7ac0ba7