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The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 9695, p 9695 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection.
- Subjects :
- pathogen-associated molecular patterns
Bacteria
lipopolysaccharide
engineered nanoparticles
Review
innate immune memory
biocorona
Immunity, Innate
lcsh:Chemistry
Biology and Microbiology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
toll-like receptors
inflammation
adjuvants
microbiota
Animals
Humans
Nanoparticles
lcsh:QH301-705.5
innate immunity
nanovaccines
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.pmid.dedup....49141c834a7d04c287042454945a082d