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Uneven host cell growth causes lysogenic virus induction in the Baltic Sea
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e0220716 (2019), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- In the Baltic Sea redoxcline, lysogenic viruses infecting prokaryotes have rarely been detected using the commonly used inducing agent mitomycin C. However, it is well known that not all viruses are induceable by mitomycin C and growing evidence suggests that changes in trophic conditions may trigger the induction of lysogenic viruses. We hypothesized that using antibiotics to simulate a strong change in trophic conditions for antibiotica-resistant cells due to reduced competition for resources might lead to the induction of lysogenic viruses into the lytic cycle within these cells. This hypothesis was tested by incubating prokaryotes obtained throughout the Baltic Sea redoxcline in seawater with substantially reduced numbers of viruses. We used a mixture of the protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics streptomycin and erythromycin to induce the desired changes in trophic conditions for resistant cells and at the same time ensuring that no progeny viruses were formed in sensitive cells. No inducible lysogenic viruses could be detected in incubations amended with mitomycin C. Yet, the presence of streptomycin and erythromycin increased virus-induced mortality of prokaryotes by 56–930% compared to controls, resulting in the induction of lysogenic viruses equivalent to 2–14% of in situ prokaryotic abundance. The results indicate the existence of a previously unrecognized induction mechanism for lysogenic viruses in the Baltic Sea redoxcline, as the mode of action distinctly differs between the used antibiotics (no virus production within affected cells) and mitomycin C (lysogenic viruses are produced within affected cells). Obtaining accurate experimental data on levels of lysogeny in prokaryotic host cells remains challenging, as relying on mitomycin C alone may severely underestimate lysogeny.
- Subjects :
- Baltic Sea
Mitomycin
Science
Host cells
viruses
Microbiology
Bodies of water
Prokaryotic cells
Antibiotics
Microbial Control
Virology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Bacteriophages
Seawater
Lysogeny
Pharmacology
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Lytic cycle
Cell Death
Antimicrobials
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Drugs
Biology and Life Sciences
Aquatic Environments
Cell Biology
biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
Marine Environments
Viral Replication
Marine and aquatic sciences
Erythromycin
Earth sciences
Sea water
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Streptomycin
Medicine
Virus Activation
Cellular Types
Viral Transmission and Infection
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e0220716 (2019), PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.pmid.dedup....9490b95d1f325dff97f9ff0e236db692