LOAD SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE ELEMENTS OF A CASTING CRANE TRAVERS

Проведено моделювання навантаженості під час розгону ливарного крана та аналіз фактичного напружено-деформованого стану елементів траверси з урахуванням теплового впливу та додаткових інерційних навантажень. Об’єктом дослідження є закономірність розподілу напружень в елементах траверси. У статті запропоновано методологію моделювання та аналізу напружено-деформованого стану траверси ливарного крана з урахуванням додаткових навантажень, яка ґрунтується на методах розрахунків на міцність за допустимими напруженнями та методі скінченних елементів. Розроблено розрахункову схему, твердотільно-деформовану модель та виконано розрахунок методом скінченних елементів у CAD/CAE системі.
В статье предложена методология моделирования и анализа напряженно-деформированного состояния траверсы литейного крана с учетом дополнительных нагрузок, основанная на методах на прочностных расчетах по допускаемым напряжениям и методе конечных элементов. Разработана расчетная схема, твердотельно-деформированная модель и выполнен расчет методом конечных элементов в CAD / CAE системе. Полученная закономерность распределения напряжений в элементах траверсы наглядно показала, что места концентрации максимальных напряжений совпадают с фактическими местами разрушения в них; напряженно-деформированное состояние элементов траверсы является достаточно сложным, поскольку в одном элементе в разных плоскостях возникают как напряжения сжатия, так и напряжения растяжения, которые взаимозаменяются во время работы крана.
Problem. Casting cranes are operated for a long time in difficult conditions - high temperatures, dynamic loads, significant pollution of the environment. In this case, the value of dynamic loads arising during operation may exceed those adopted during the design, and adverse operating conditions are not taken into account at all. Refinement of methods for calculating the strength of cranes, the development of new methodologies is an important scientific and technical problem, the solution of which will improve the safety of the operation of load-lifting cranes, in particular foundry ones.Goal. The purpose of this work is to simulate loading during acceleration of the casting crane and analysis of the actual stress-strain state of the elements of the travers, taking into account the temperature effect and additional inertial loads. The object of the study is the pattern of stress distribution in the elements of the traverse. Metho­dology. The article proposes a methodology for modeling and analysis of the stress-strain state of the casting crane travers taking into account additional loads, based on the methods for strength calculations for allowable stresses and the method of finite elements. A design scheme, a solid-deformed model was developed, and a finite element calculation was performed in the CAD / CAE system.Results. The results of calculations and analysis are given. The obtained regularity of the distribution of stresses in the elements of the traverse clearly showed that the places of concentration of maximum stresses coincide with the actual places of destruction in them; the stress-strain state of the elements of the traverse is rather complicated, since in one element in different planes both compressive stresses and tensile stresses arise, which are interchanged during the operation of the crane.Originality. Previously, a methodology was proposed for analyzing the stress-strain state of metal structures of cranes. On the basis of this, the regularity of the stress distribution in the elements of the travers of a casting crane with regard to additional loads is obtained. The analysis of the stress-strain state has been made. Directions for further research are identified.Practical value. The use of various strength analysis methods requires a certain methodology for their application, which, in combination with modern computers and CAD / CAE software, will allow for qualitative research and analysis of the stress-strain state of elements and metal structures of cranes.Problem. Casting cranes are operated for a long time in difficult conditions - high temperatures, dynamic loads, significant pollution of the environment. In this case, the value of dynamic loads arising during operation may exceed those adopted during the design, and adverse operating conditions are not taken into account at all. Refinement of methods for calculating the strength of cranes, the development of new methodologies is an important scientific and technical problem, the solution of which will improve the safety of the operation of load-lifting cranes, in particular foundry ones.Goal. The purpose of this work is to simulate loading during acceleration of the casting crane and analysis of the actual stress-strain state of the elements of the travers, taking into account the temperature effect and additional inertial loads. The object of the study is the pattern of stress distribution in the elements of the traverse. Metho­dology. The article proposes a methodology for modeling and analysis of the stress-strain state of the casting crane travers taking into account additional loads, based on the methods for strength calculations for allowable stresses and the method of finite elements. A design scheme, a solid-deformed model was developed, and a finite element calculation was performed in the CAD / CAE system.Results. The results of calculations and analysis are given. The obtained regularity of the distribution of stresses in the elements of the traverse clearly showed that the places of concentration of maximum stresses coincide with the actual places of destruction in them; the stress-strain state of the elements of the traverse is rather complicated, since in one element in different planes both compressive stresses and tensile stresses arise, which are interchanged during the operation of the crane.Originality. Previously, a methodology was proposed for analyzing the stress-strain state of metal structures of cranes. On the basis of this, the regularity of the stress distribution in the elements of the travers of a casting crane with regard to additional loads is obtained. The analysis of the stress-strain state has been made. Directions for further research are identified.Practical value. The use of various strength analysis methods requires a certain methodology for their application, which, in combination with modern computers and CAD / CAE software, will allow for qualitative research and analysis of the stress-strain state of elements and metal structures of cranes.