Sur la torsion dans la cohomologie des vari\'et\'es de Shimura de Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor

When the level at $l$ of a Shimura variety of Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor is not maximal, its cohomology with coefficients in a $\overline{\mathbb Z}_l$-local system isn't in general torsion free. In order to prove torsion freeness results of the cohomology, we localize at a maximal ideal $\mathfrak m$ of the Hecke algebra. We then prove a result of torsion freeness resting either on $\mathfrak m$ itself or on the Galois representation $\overline \rho_{\mathfrak m}$ associated to it. Concerning the torsion, in a rather restricted case than the work of Caraiani-Scholze, we prove that the torsion doesn't give new Satake parameters systems by showing that each torsion cohomology class can be raised in the free part of the cohomology of a Igusa variety.
Comment: in French