Geophysical Inversion and Optimal Transport

We propose a new approach to measuring the agreement between two oscillatory time series, such as seismic waveforms, and demonstrate that it can be employed effectively in inverse problems. Our approach is based on Optimal Transport theory and the Wasserstein distance, with a novel transformation of the time series to ensure that necessary normalisation and positivity conditions are met. Our measure is differentiable, and can readily be employed within an optimization framework. We demonstrate performance with a variety of synthetic examples, including seismic source inversion, and observe substantially better convergence properties than achieved with conventional $L_2$ misfits. We also briefly discuss the relationship between Optimal Transport and Bayesian inference.
Comment: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International following peer review. The version of record is available at https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac151