Fast scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry by spectrum demodulation

We demonstrate a spectrum demodulation technique for greatly speeding up the data acquisition rate in scanning nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry. Our method relies on a periodic excitation of the electron spin resonance by fast, wide-band frequency sweeps combined with a phase-locked detection of the photo-luminescence signal. The method can be extended by a frequency feedback to realize real-time tracking of the spin resonance. Fast scanning magnetometry is especially useful for samples where the signal dynamic range is large, of order millitesla, like for ferro- or ferrimagnets. We demonstrate our method by mapping stray fields above the model antiferromagnet $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ (hematite) at pixel rates of up to 100\,Hz and an image resolution exceeding one megapixel.
Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures