Scalable on-chip multiplexing of silicon single and double quantum dots

The scalability of the quantum processor technology is elemental factor in reaching fault-tolerant quantum computing. Owing to the maturity of microelectronics, quantum bits (qubits) realized with spins in silicon quantum dots are considered among the most promising technologies for building scalable quantum computers. However, several challenges need to be solved to realize quantum-dot-based quantum processors. In this respect, ultra-low-power on-chip cryogenic classical complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics for control, read-out, and interfacing of the qubits is an important milestone. We report scalable interfacing of tunable electron and hole quantum dots embedded in a 64-channel cryogenic multiplexer, which has less-than-detectable static power dissipation. Our integrated hybrid quantum-dot CMOS technology provides a plausible route to scalable interfacing of a large number of quantum dot devices, enabling variability analysis and quantum dot qubit geometry optimization, which are prerequisites for building large-scale silicon-based quantum computers. We analyze charge noise and obtain state-of-the-art addition energies and gate lever arms in electron and hole quantum dots. The demonstrated electrostatically-defined quantum dots and cryogenic transistors with sharp turning-on transfer characteristics, made by harnessing a CMOS process that utilizes a conventional doped-Poly-Si/SiO2/Si MOS stack, constitute a promising platform for spin qubits monolithically integrated with cryo-CMOS electronics.
Comment: revised manuscript