On the Relation between the Inclination Angle of the Accretion Disk and the Broad-line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei

Models of active galactic nuclei often invoke a close physical association between the broad-line region and the accretion disk. We evaluate this theoretical expectation by investigating the relationship between the inclination angle of the BLR ($\theta_\mathrm{BLR}$) and the inclination angle of the inner accretion disk ($\theta_\mathrm{disk}$). For a sample of eight active galactic nuclei that have published values of $\theta_\mathrm{BLR}$ estimated from dynamical modeling of the BLR based on velocity-resolved reverberation mapping experiments, we analyze high-quality, joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR X-ray observations to derive new, robust measurements of $\theta_\mathrm{disk}$ through broadband (0.3--78\,keV) reflection spectroscopy. We find a strong, positive correlation between $\theta_\mathrm{BLR}$ and $\theta_\mathrm{disk}$ (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.856, $p$-value 0.007), although Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the level of significance is only marginal ($<3\,\sigma$). Nevertheless, the nearly linear relation between $\theta_\mathrm{BLR}$ and $\theta_\mathrm{disk}$ suggests of a possible physical alignment between the accretion disk and the BLR. Future studies with a larger and more homogeneous sample are needed to confirm the correlation and refine our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the central regions of active galaxies.
Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables; submitted to the Astrophysical Journal