A Milli-Kelvin Atomic Force Microscope Made of Glass

Milli-Kelvin atomic force microscopy (mK-AFM) presents an ongoing experimental challenge due to the intense vibrations in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator and the low cooling power available at mK temperatures. A viable approach is to make the system exceptionally rigid and thermally insulating to decouple external vibrations and isolate heat dissipation from the piezo elements. Here, we present a low-cost and large scan-range mK-AFM that operates below 100 mK. All the essential parts of our mK-AFM, including the scanners, tip assembly, and microscope body, are custom-made of fused silica glass by taking advantage of its high specific modulus, extremely low thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent thermal insulation properties. We carefully balance the scan range (25 ${\mu}$m $\times$ 25 ${\mu}$m), heat dissipation, and stiffness of the system to reach optimal performance at mK temperatures.
Comment: The following article has been submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments. After it is published, it will be found at https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi