Constraints on a minimal hidden photon with Kaluza-Klein excitations in large extra dimensions

The major purpose of this work is to combine the minimal-hidden-photon model with Large Extra Dimensions (LED). This involves confining the Standard- Model photon to a 3-brane, whilst allowing the hidden photon and graviton to occupy the higher-dimensional bulk. After integrating out the extra dimensions both the hidden photon and graviton obtain a tower of massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes. The Standard-Model photon obtains no KK modes, in accordance with experiment. The work begins with a discussion of the minimal hidden photon with- out KK modes, including the current constraints. In most cases existing con- straints are simply quoted or rederived, but for some experiments original con- straints are produced. For example new constraints from atomic spectra are produced. Significant modifications are also made to the published constraint from the SN1987a energy-loss experiment. This means properly accounting for the plasma mass of the electron, and also accounting for the modification of the kinetic-mixing parameter in a plasma. Finally constraints are produced for the minimal-hidden-photon model with KK modes.