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Effect of Mn2+ concentration on the growth of δ-MnO2 crystals under acidic conditions
- Source :
- Geochemical Transactions, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- BMC, 2024.
-
Abstract
- Abstract δ-MnO2 is an important component of environmental minerals and is among the strongest sorbents and oxidants. The crystalline morphology of δ-MnO2 is one of the key factors affecting its reactivity. In this work, δ-MnO2 was initially synthesized and placed in an acidic environment to react with Mn2+ and undergo a crystalline transformation. During the transformation of crystalline δ-MnO2, kinetic sampling was conducted, followed by analyses of the structures and morphologies of the samples. The results showed that at pH 2.5 and 4, δ-MnO2 nanoflakes spontaneously self-assembled into nanoribbons via edge-to-edge assembly in the initial stage. Subsequently, these nanoribbons attached to each other to form primary nanorods through a face-to-face assembly along the c-axis. These primary nanorods then assembled along the (001) planes and lateral surfaces, achieving further growth and thickening. Since a lower pH is more favorable for the formation of vacancies in δ-MnO2, δ-MnO2 can rapidly adsorb Mn2+ directly onto the vacancies to form tunnel walls. At the same time, the rapid formation of the tunnel walls leads to a quick establishment of hydrogen bonding between adjacent nanoribbons, enabling the assembly of these nanoribbons into primary nanorods. Therefore, in a solution with the same concentration of Mn2+, the structure transformation and morphology evolution of δ-MnO2 to α-MnO2 occur faster at pH 2.5 than at pH 4. These findings provide insights into the mechanism for crystal growth from layer-based to tunnel-based nanorods and methods for efficient and controlled syntheses of nanomaterials.
- Subjects :
- Environmental sciences
GE1-350
Chemistry
QD1-999
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14674866
- Volume :
- 25
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Geochemical Transactions
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.005ba454944da8ef5f50d27f6d36a
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12932-024-00091-x