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Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

Authors :
Karen Saylors
David J. Wolking
Emily Hagan
Stephanie Martinez
Leilani Francisco
Jason Euren
Sarah H. Olson
Maureen Miller
Amanda E. Fine
Nga Nguyen Thi Thanh
Phuc Tran Minh
Jusuf D. Kalengkongan
PREDICT Consortium
Tina Kusumaningrum
Alice Latinne
Joko Pamungkas
Dodi Safari
Suryo Saputro
Djeneba Bamba
Kalpy Julien Coulibaly
Mireille Dosso
Anne Laudisoit
Kouassi Manzan N’guettia Jean
Shusmita Dutta
Ariful Islam
Shahanaj Shano
Mwokozi I. Mwanzalila
Ian P. Trupin
Aiah Gbakima
James Bangura
Sylvester T. Yondah
Dibesh Karmacharya
Rima D. Shrestha
Marcelle Annie Matsida Kamta
Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche
Hilarion Moukala Ndolo
Fabien Roch Niama
Dionne Onikrotin
Peter Daszak
Christine K. Johnson
Jonna A. K. Mazet
Source :
One Health Outlook, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
BMC, 2021.

Abstract

Abstract In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
25244655
Volume :
3
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
One Health Outlook
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.03bb3107fb444e04999b6428a2f4989c
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-021-00036-9