Study on jet dynamic impact performance under the influence of standoff

Abstract Due to the sensitivity of the shaped charge jet to standoff and the complexity of its impact under lateral disturbances, this study aims to investigate the dynamic impact evolution of the jet influenced by standoff and lateral disturbances. A finite element model for the dynamic impact of shaped charge jets was established. Dynamic impact experiments were designed and conducted to validate the effectiveness of the numerical simulations. Utilizing dimensional analysis, a predictive model was developed for jet dynamic impact considering the combined effects of target plate strength, standoff and lateral disturbances. The results indicate that as the standoff varies between 90 mm and 225 mm, the dynamic impact depth of the jet decreases approximately linearly with increasing standoff. Meanwhile, for lateral disturbance velocities ranging from 100 m/s to 400 m/s, the impact depth decreases exponentially with increasing lateral relative velocity of the target. The lateral disturbance velocity is identified as the primary factor influencing jet impact, while the standoff is a secondary factor. The agreement among computational results, numerical simulations, and experimental outcomes confirms the accuracy and effectiveness of the predictive model and simulations, providing a basis for evaluating the dynamic impact potential of shaped charges.