Association Between Gut and Nasal Microbiota and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review

Yucheng Hu,1 Rong Zhang,2 Junjie Li,1 Huan Wang,3 Meiya Wang,3 Qiuyi Ren,1 Yueqi Fang,1 Li Tian1 1Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Li Tian, Hospital of Chengdu university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 41, 12 Qiaolu, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Email 18980880129@qq.comhaAbstract: Allergic rhinitis is a chronic non-infectious inflammation of the nasal mucosa mediated by specific IgE. Recently, the human microbiome has drawn broad interest as a potential new target for treating this condition. This paper succinctly summarizes the main findings of 17 eligible studies published by February 2024, involving 1044 allergic rhinitis patients and 954 healthy controls from 5 countries. These studies examine differences in the human microbiome across important mucosal interfaces, including the nasal and intestinal areas, between patients and controls. Overall, findings suggest variations in the gut microbiota between allergic rhinitis patients and healthy individuals, although the specific bacterial taxa that significantly changed were not always consistent across studies. Due to the limited scope of existing research and patient coverage, the relationship between the nasal microbiome and allergic rhinitis remains inconclusive. The article discusses the potential immune-regulating role of the gut microbiome in allergic rhinitis. Further well-designed clinical trials with large-scale recruitment of allergic rhinitis patients are encouraged.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, microbiota dysbiosis, nasal microbiome, short-chain fatty acids, immunomodulation