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Sex, aging and immunity in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: An intriguing interaction

Authors :
Marina Boziki
Paschalis Theotokis
Evangelia Kesidou
Eleni Karafoulidou
Chrystalla Konstantinou
Iliana Michailidou
Yasemin Bahar
Ayse Altintas
Nikolaos Grigoriadis
Source :
Frontiers in Neurology, Vol 13 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a profound neurodegenerative component early in the disease pathogenesis. Age is a factor with a well-described effect on the primary disease phenotype, namely, the relapsing-remitting vs. the primary progressive disease. Moreover, aging is a prominent factor contributing to the transition from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive disease. However, sex also seems to, at least in part, dictate disease phenotype and evolution, as evidenced in humans and in animal models of the disease. Sex-specific gene expression profiles have recently elucidated an association with differential immunological signatures in the context of experimental disease. This review aims to summarize current knowledge stemming from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models regarding the effects of sex, either independently or as a factor combined with aging, on disease phenotype, with relevance to the immune system and the CNS.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16642295
Volume :
13
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Neurology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.0a56d6a4ec74427da329dd8fe4547c41
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1104552