Research progress of neuromodulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative neurological disorder, characterized by static tremor, bradykinesia, myotonia and postural abnormalities. Dopaminergic drugs are the main drugs in the treatment of PD, but long-term use will lead to drug efficacy loss, and even cause some adverse reactions such as dyskinesia and "on-off" phenomenon. Neuromodulation is a kind of biomedical engineering technology that can stimulate or inhibit the activity of brain neurons and regulate the changes of neuroplasticity by means of electric energy, magnetic field, ultrasound and other methods, so as to achieve treatment and improvement of diseases. In the non-drug treatment of PD, neuromodulation, as a new therapeutic means, has shown good efficacy, and has the advantages of small adverse reactions and easy tolerance. Based on this, this article reviews the research progress of several common neuromodulation in PD, including deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial focused ultrasound.