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Blue Light Induces Impaired Autophagy through Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Activation on the Mouse Ocular Surface
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4, p 2015 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- In this study, we investigated the effects of blue light exposure on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) expression on the mouse ocular surface and evaluated the role of NOD2 activation in light-induced cell death. Mice were divided into wild-type (WT), NOD2-knock out (KO), WT + blue light (WT + BL), and NOD2-KO + blue light (NOD2-KO + BL) groups, and the mice in the WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups were exposed to blue light for 10 days. After 10 days of blue light exposure, increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were observed in the WT + BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups, and the WT + BL group showed a higher expression of NOD2 and autophagy related 16 like 1. Although both WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups showed an increase in the expression of light chain 3-II, NOD2-KO + BL mice had a significantly lower p62 expression than WT + BL mice. In addition, NOD2-KO+BL mice had significantly lower corneal epithelial damage and apoptosis than WT + BL mice. In conclusion, blue light exposure can induce impaired autophagy by activation of NOD2 on the ocular surface. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)–NOD2–autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L) signaling pathway may be involved in the blue-light-induced autophagy responses, resulting in corneal epithelial apoptosis.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14220067 and 16616596
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.0fcc1db78bf488cbeffacd4b808b5de
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042015