Gaps in the Utilization of Community Health Services for the Elderly Population in Rural Areas of Mainland China: A Systematic Review Based on Cross-Sectional Investigations

Background: While the community health service system was initially established in rural areas of mainland China, the utilization of community health service resources by the rural elderly population is not clear. Methods: Cross-sectional studies on the utilization of community health services by the rural elderly population in mainland China published within the last 10 years were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, Medline and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The quality of the article was evaluated by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), and obstacles to the utilization of community health services by the rural elderly population were analyzed based on the Andersen model. Results: Twenty-four studies were analyzed, and 3 gaps were found. (i) The cognition of rural elderly residents does not match the current health security system. (ii) There is a gap between the supply of health service resources in rural communities and the health needs of the elderly residents in these areas. (iii) The health services provided by rural primary health service institutions are not targeted. Conclusions: In mainland China, the provision of community health services to the rural elderly population has improved significantly. However, several factors from the individual level to the system level lead to low levels of access and utilization. This finding means that under the leadership of the government, it is necessary to integrate the strength of multiple departments to cooperate in improving the welfare system, policy publicity, health education, financial support, system guarantees and resource exchange and sharing for the elderly population in rural areas and to jointly promote community health services for the elderly population in rural areas.