Using true-triaxial stress path to simulate excavation-induced rock damage: a case study

Abstract This study presents an example illustrating the role of in situ 3D stress path method in simulating the roof damage development observed in the Mine-by tunnel at Underground Research Laboratory (URL) located in Manitoba, Canada. The 3D stress path, at the point 1 cm in the crown of the Mine-by tunnel, was applied to a cubic Lac du Bonnet (LdB) granite sample to further understand the roof damage process and the associated seismicity. After careful calibrations, a numerical model was used to reproduce the experiment, which produced similar seismicity processes and source mechanisms. Acoustic emission (AE) events obtained from laboratory and numerical modeling were converted to locations in relation to the tunnel face and were compared to the field microseismicity (MS) occurring in the upper notch region of the Mine-by tunnel. The crack development and damage mechanism are carefully illustrated. The difference between tests and field monitoring was discussed. The intermediate principal stress (σ 2) unloading process was carried out in numerical simulation to investigate its role in rock damage development. The results clearly showed σ 2 could play a significant role both in damage development and failure mode. It should be considered when predicting the damage region in underground excavations. This study highlights the potential role of laboratory and numerical stress path tests to investigate fracture processes and mechanisms occurring during engineering activities such as tunnel excavation.