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Hexavalent chromium amplifies the developmental toxicity of graphene oxide during zebrafish embryogenesis
- Source :
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 208, Iss , Pp 111487- (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Combined toxicity is a critical issue in risk assessment of contaminants. However, very little is known about the joint effects of graphene oxide (GO, a crucial 2-dimensional carbon material) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+, a widespread heavy metal), particularly with respect to the critical period of embryogenesis. In this study, the combined toxicity of GO and Cr6+ was evaluated through embryo-larval toxicity test in Danio rerio (zebrafish). Results indicated that the co-exposure of Cr6+ (1 mg/L) and GO (0.01 mg/L) inhibited hatching and spontaneous movement of embryos, but no significant changes were found in the single Cr6+ or GO group. Compared with the single GO or Cr6+ exposure, their co-exposure (GO+Cr6+) significantly enhanced the teratogenicity in a concentration-dependent pattern, and the spinal curvature was observed as the main deformity. GO+Cr6+ changed the protein secondary structures of embryos result of the generation of ROS and oxidative stress. The degradations of vertical myosepta and cartilages were observed in co-exposure group, suggesting that GO+Cr6+ disrupted the development of musculoskeletal system. The genes col11a1a, col2a1a and postnb were down-regulated but the genes acta1b and mmp9 were up-regulated by GO+Cr6+. The interactions between Cr6+ and GO demonstrated that the morphology, structure, and surface properties of GO were modified by Cr6+. The enhanced defects and O-containing groups of GO could trap more β-sheets, induced oxidative stress, disturbed the development of skeletal muscles and cartilages in zebrafish. These data suggested that GO+Cr6+ enhanced their joint toxicity due to the variation of nanoparticle properties. This finding is important for assessing the ecological risk of graphene family nanomaterials in the natural environment.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 01476513
- Volume :
- 208
- Issue :
- 111487-
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.1399781b0f7a48c59fa33fdc2924db30
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111487