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Elevated levels of interleukin-9 in the serum of bullous pemphigoid: possible association with the pathogenicity of bullous pemphigoid

Authors :
Hiroshi Koga
Kwesi Teye
Arisa Sugawara
Masahiro Tsutsumi
Norito Ishii
Takekuni Nakama
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 14 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023.

Abstract

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease (sAIBD). In addition to disease causing autoantibodies, several leukocyte subsets, including mast cells and eosinophils, play key roles in mediating skin inflammation. Detailed immunophenotyping and, more recently, the therapeutic effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor alpha inhibition in BP pointed to a prominent role of T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Among other cell types, IL-9 is expressed by Th2 and mast cells and potentially drives allergic, Th2-dominated inflammation. Although cytokines in BP have been relatively well investigated, the role of IL-9 has remained enigmatic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of IL-9 in BP. Serum IL-9 levels were significantly elevated in patients with BP and decreased upon induction of remission. Serum IL-9 levels were not elevated in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, another sAIBD. The time-course analysis using serum sets from four patients with BP revealed that serum IL-9 was a sensitive biomarker of BP. IL-9–positive cells infiltrated dominantly in BP lesions, especially in the blister fluid, and Th9 cells were abundant. Therefore, IL-9 was elevated in the serum and lesions of BP, which could be a biomarker of BP.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
14
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.14aa911cee474baf1687d8f91ede9a
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135002