The role of physical activity in the prevention of breast cancer: potential mechanisms of action

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women both in Poland and worldwide. It is currently one of the largest epidemiological problems. The health-promoting lifestyle, including physical activity, plays an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Studies have confirmed the relationship between regular exercise and the risk of developing breast cancer, as well as its course and prognosis. A number of possible mechanisms are involved in linking physical activity with the risk of breast cancer. Nevertheless, they have not been fully elucidated. The most important mechanisms include the impact of physical activity on the immune system, inflammatory processes, sex hormone levels, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle. The paper attempts to discuss these mechanisms.