Para onde nos guia a mão invisível? Considerações sobre os paradoxos do modelo econômico hegemônico e sobre os limites ecológicos do desenvolvimento

The current economic dynamics of continuous growth in financial capitalism has proved incompatible with the planetary boundaries. Humanity faces an ethical, economic and technological impasse. The current model of production and consumption are insufficient to ensure decent living conditions for all mankind in the present and tends towards deterioration of these conditions in the near future. This paper provides a literature review of classic studies on the theory of sustainable development and, through the critical approach of the capitalist economic theory, questions the hegemonic concept of progress, and reveals the insufficiency of the paradigm of growth to ensure sustainable development. Putting together the lessons from main authors of these areas, this paper concludes that sustainable development requires conditions that have become more difficult to achieve. The current dynamics of the economic system leads to environmental depletion with increasingly severe effects that will be felt especially after 2030, which could conduce to collapse before 2100, undermining the human survival on Earth. Sustainable, sufficient and equitable development requires structural change in production and consumption paradigm. In this sense, social, institutional and informational mechanisms are imperatives and it requires proper and coordinated technological advances.