Assessment of systemic immune-inflammatory index and other inflammatory parameters in predicting mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis: A retrospective observational study

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the systemic immune- inflammatory (SII) index and other inflammatory parameters in predicting mortality among patients with acute cholecystitis (AC). Methods: 279 Patients presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and diagnosis of AC between September 2021 and September 2023 were included in the study. Demographic data, laboratory parameters, clinical follow-ups, and outcomes of the patients were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was (55.0±16.3) years and 36.6% were male. 63.8% Had gallbladder/choledochal stones and 49.5% underwent surgery. The mortality rate was 6.1%. Advanced age (P=0.170) and prolonged hospitalization (P=0.011) were statistically significant risk factors for mortality. Decreased lymphocyte count (P=0.020) and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P=0.033) were found to be risk factors for mortality. According to the mortality predictor ROC analysis results, the cut-off for SII index was 3 138 (AUC=0.817, sensitivity=70.5%, specificity=84.7%), the cut-off for neutrophil count was 15.28×103/ mm3 (AUC=0.761, sensitivity=52.9%, specificity=95.0%), the cut-off for leukocyte count was 19.0×103/mm3 (AUC= 0.714, sensitivity=52.9%, specificity=98.0%), cut-off for CRP was 74.55 (AUC=0.758, sensitivity=70.5%, specificity=79.0%), cut-off for aspartate transaminase (AST) was 33.0 IU/L (AUC=0.658, sensitivity=82.3%, specificity=50.3%). Conclusions: The SII index may be a good predictor of mortality with high sensitivity and specificity. Elevated levels of neutrophils, leukocytes, CRP, and AST are other inflammatory parameters that can be used to predict mortality associated with AC.