Acoustic study of urban bat diversity in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria

Urbanisation presents both challenges and opportunities for bat populations. Understanding the composition and distribution of urban bat species is the first step toward their effective conservation. However, comprehensive studies on urban bat diversity remain scarce in Bulgaria. To address this gap, we conducted a year-long acoustic survey on five different habitats in the urbanised territory of Veliko Tarnovo. Our study identified the presence of eight bat species and other distinct acoustic groups within the urban environment. Bats were found to utilise various habitats across the urban landscape. Although the activity was highest during May and September, bats remained active all year round, including the winter. Our study provides insights into synanthropic bats’ seasonal and microhabitat-dependent use of urban areas. These findings will establish a baseline for future research focusing on habitat preferences, population dynamics, and interactions with urbanisation. Such research is essential for the effective management and conservation of bat populations in urban environments.