Association between lipid profile and gallbladder histopathology of post cholecystectomy patients

Introduction: In cholelithiasis, lipid and histopathological alterations have been found and suggest the accumulation of lipids in the gallbladder tissue (cholesterolosis), due to the few existing reports a study was carried out to determine their association. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the lipid profile and gallbladder histopathology in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing cholecystectomy. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and prospective study was carried out in a group of patients from the Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga” undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2015 to January 2020. With approval of the protocol by the ethics and research committee, the following variables were considered: age, sex, BMI, comorbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cirrhosis), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and histopathological findings (cholesterolosis, polyps, xanthogranulomatosis, acute cholecystitis, and cholecystitis chronicle). A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed with SPSS v.24. It was considered p < 0.05 as significant. Results: From a group of 302 patients, 133 cases (108 women and 25 men) were included in the study. They presented overweight (39%) and obesity (33%), the lipid profile with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (61%), hypertriglyceridemia (40%), hypercholesterolemia (17%), and elevated LDL-C (16%); and in histopathology chronic cholecystitis (70%), cholesterolosis (28%), and acute cholecystitis (7%). Discussion: Our sample is representative of the Mexican population (in physical characteristics and lipid profile). However, no significant association was found between dyslipidemia and histopathological findings.