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Immunomodulatory Effects of Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Infections During the First Year of Life

Authors :
Terhi Ruohtula
Anita Kondrashova
Jussi Lehtonen
Sami Oikarinen
Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen
Onni Niemelä
Aleksandr Peet
Vallo Tillmann
Janne K. Nieminen
Jorma Ilonen
Mikael Knip
Outi Vaarala
Heikki Hyöty
the DIABIMMUNE Study Group
Taina Härkönen
Samppa Ryhänen
Heli Siljander
Katriina Koski
Matti Koski
Janne Nieminen
Anne Ormisson
Valentina Ulich
Elena Kuzmicheva
Sergei Mokurov
Svetlana Markova
Svetlana Pylova
Marina Isakova
Elena Shakurova
Vladimir Petrov
Natalya V. Dorshakova
Tatyana Karapetyan
Tatyana Varlamova
Minna Kiviniemi
Kristi Alnek
Helis Janson
Raivo Uibo
Tiit Salum
Erika von Mutius
Juliane Weber
Helena Ahlfors
Henna Kallionpää
Essi Laajala
Riitta Lahesmaa
Harri Lähdesmäki
Robert Moulder
Hanna Honkanen
Hermie J. M. Harmsen
Marcus C. De Goffau
Gjalt Welling
Kirsi Alahuhta
Suvi M. Virtanen
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 11 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021.

Abstract

Early childhood infections have been implicated in the development of immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies, asthma, and type 1 diabetes. We set out to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of early viral infections experienced before the age of one year on the peripheral regulatory T cell population (Treg) and circulating cytokines in a birth-cohort study of Estonian and Finnish infants. We show here a temporal association of virus infection with the expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells. Infants with rhinovirus infection during the preceding 30 days had a higher FOXP3 expression in Treg cells and decreased levels of several cytokines related to Th1 and Th2 responses in comparison to the children without infections. In contrast, FOXP3 expression was significantly decreased in highly activated (CD4+CD127−/loCD25+FOXP3high) regulatory T cells (TregFOXP3high) in the infants who had enterovirus infection during the preceding 30 or 60 days. After enterovirus infections, the cytokine profile showed an upregulation of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines and a decreased activation of CCL22, which is a chemokine derived from dendritic cells and associated with Th2 deviation. Our results reveal that immunoregulatory mechanisms are up-regulated after rhinovirus infections, while enterovirus infections are associated with activation of proinflammatory pathways and decreased immune regulation.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.21e7c29d554bd19737315e49f69bb8
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.567046