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Revaccination in Age-Risk Groups with Sputnik V Is Immunologically Effective and Depends on the Initial Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Level

Authors :
Mikhail A. Godkov
Darya A. Ogarkova
Vladimir A. Gushchin
Denis A. Kleymenov
Elena P. Mazunina
Evgeniia N. Bykonia
Andrei A. Pochtovyi
Valeriy V. Shustov
Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
Andrey G. Komarov
Alexander N. Tsibin
Vladimir I. Zlobin
Denis Y. Logunov
Alexander L. Gintsburg
Source :
Vaccines, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 90 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

Vaccination against COVID-19 has occurred in Russia for more than two years. According to the Russian official clinical guidelines to maintain tense immunity in the conditions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to use booster immunization six months after primary vaccination or a previous COVID-19 contraction. It is especially important to ensure the maintenance of protective immunity in the elderly, who are at risk of severe courses of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the immunological effectiveness of the booster doses has not been sufficiently substantiated. To investigate the immunogenicity of Sputnik V within the recommended revaccination regimen and evaluate the effectiveness of booster doses, we conducted this study on 3983 samples obtained from individuals previously vaccinated with Sputnik V in Moscow. We analyzed the level of antibodies in BAU/mL three times: (i) six months after primary immunization immediately before the booster (RV), (ii) 3 weeks after the introduction of the first component of the booster (RV1), and (iii) 3 weeks after the introduction of the second component of the booster (RV2). Six months after the primary vaccination with Sputnik V, 95.5% of patients maintained a positive level of IgG antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. The degree of increase in the specific virus-neutralizing antibodies level after revaccination increased with a decrease in their initial level just before the booster dose application. In the group of people with the level of antibodies up to 100 BAU/mL six months after the vaccination, a more than eightfold increase (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon criterion with Bonferroni adjustment) in the level of specific antibodies was observed (Me = 8.84 (IQR: 3.63–30.61)). A significant increase in the IgG level after receiving both the first and the second booster doses occurred at the initial titer level up to 300 BAU/ mL (p < 0.001) in those who did not contract COVID-19 in the past and up to 100 BAU/mL (p < 0.001) in those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. A significant increase in the antibody level after the first dose of the booster was noted for people who had up to 500 BAU/mL (p < 0.05), regardless of the previous COVID-19 infection. Thus, revaccination is most effective in individuals with an antibody level below 500 BAU/mL, regardless of the vaccinee age and COVID-19 contraction. For the first time, it has been shown that a single booster dose of the Sputnik vaccine is sufficient to form a protective immunity in most vaccinees regardless of age and preexisting antibody level.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2076393X
Volume :
11
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Vaccines
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.24196fb0741d46f78a08974530fb47c5
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010090