Comparison of efficacy and safety between daptomycin plus β-lactam and daptomycin monotherapy for bloodstream infections due to gram-positive cocci: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical or microbiological outcomes and safety of a combination of daptomycin (DAP) and β-lactams compared to DAP monotherapy in patients with blood stream infection (BSI) due to gram-positive cocci (GPC). Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Ityuushi databases up to January 30, 2023. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, clinical failure, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation. Results: Six cohorts or case-control studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. Combination therapy of DAP and β-lactams significantly reduced the mortality and clinical failure rate for all BSI due to GPC compared with the DAP monotherapy (mortality, odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.41–0.98; clinical failure, OR = 0.42, 95 % CI = 0.22–0.81). In contrast, no significant difference was noted in the incidence of CPK elevation between the two groups (OR = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.39–1.84). Conclusion: Altogether, combination therapy of DAP and β-lactams can improve the prognosis for patients with BSI due to GPC compared with DAP alone. Therefore, it should be considered as an option for the empirical treatment of BSI caused by GPC.