Genetic analysis of porcine productive and respiratory syndrome virus between 2013 and 2014 in Southern parts of China: identification of several novel strains with amino acid deletions or insertions in nsp2

Abstract Background Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically significant pathogens in the Chinese swine industry. ORF5 and nsp2 are highly variable regions of the PRRSV genome. Therefore, nsp2 and GP5 are often selected for investigation of variations and phylogenetic analyses for their genetic diversities. Knowledge of the molecular evolution of PRRSV field strains may contribute to the control of PRRS in China. Results The results of multiple sequence alignments of GP5 showed that there is 84.5–100% aa identity among the 56 strains in this study. These strains shared 84.5–99.0% aa identity with the prototypical type 2 PRRSV VR-2332 and 56.6–59.2% with strain LV, prototypical type 1 PRRSV. Phylogenetic analysis showed there is considerable diversity among PRRSV ORF5 and the existence of two lineages (5 and 8). Most of the strains were classified into lineage 8 with multiple sub-lineages (3, 4 and 6). Moreover, PRRSV strains with 5 novel patterns of deletions or insertions in the nsp2 region were found. Conclusions Phylogenetic analysis based on ORF5 sequences indicated the diversity of PRRSV in southern parts of China and the strains with 30 aa deletion in nsp2 are dominant in the porcine population. Also, new PRRSV strains with different patterns of deletions or insertions in nsp2 are emerging. The data presented here constitute a useful basis for further epidemiological studies regarding the heterogeneity of PRRSV strains in China and provide a basis for the prevention of PRRS in southern parts of China.