Genomics and Transcriptomics: The Powerful Technologies in Precision Medicine

Ali Khodadadian,1 Somaye Darzi,1 Saeed Haghi-Daredeh,2 Farzaneh Sadat Eshaghi,3 Emad Babakhanzadeh,1,4 Seyed Hamidreza Mirabutalebi,1 Majid Nazari1 1Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; 2Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; 3Department of Medical Genetics, Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Science, Yazd, Iran; 4Yazd Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranCorrespondence: Ali Khodadadian Email Ali.khodadadian@yahoo.comAbstract: In a clinical trial, people with the same disease can show different responses after treatment with the same drug and exactly under the same conditions. Some of them may improve, some may not show any response, and occasionally side effects may be observed. In other words, people with the same disease process under the same therapeutic conditions may have different responses. Today, some diseases are resistant to conventional (standard) treatment procedures. Why do people with the same disease show different responses to the treatment with the same drug? This is primarily due to differences in molecular pathways (especially genetic variations) associated with the disease. On the other hand, designing and delivery of a new drug is a time-consuming and costly process, so any mistake in any stage of this process can have irreparable consequences for pharmaceutical companies and consumer patients. Therefore, we can achieve more accurate and reliable treatments by acquiring precise insight into different aspects of precision medicine including genomics and transcriptomics. The aim of this paper is to address the role of genomics and transcriptomics in precision medicine.Keywords: precision medicine, personalized medicine, genomics, transcriptomics, pharmacology