Pleural aspergillosis in a patient with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax: The challenge of an optimal therapeutic approach

Pleural aspergillosis (PA) is a rare but potentially fatal disease. Most cases are secondary to bronchopleural fistulae or pleural intervention and can occur in the absence of immunosuppression.We report a case of PA in a young patient after pleurodesis for recurrent pneumothorax. Clinical resolution was achieved with systemic and local antifungal therapy combined with surgical debridement. Hepatotoxicity led to a switch from voriconazole to isavuconazole, with a successful outcome.