Combination therapy with radiation and hyperthermia‐induced clinical complete response of small cell carcinoma of prostate

Introduction Small cell carcinoma of the prostate has a poor prognosis even with standard systemic chemotherapy. We report a case, in which combination therapy with radiation and hyperthermia‐induced clinical complete response. Case presentation An 87‐year‐old man complaining of dysuria was referred to our hospital. Based on magnetic resonance imaging findings and a history of prostate cancer, a prostate biopsy was performed, and small cell carcinoma of the prostate was diagnosed. Whole‐pelvis radiation therapy was administered with an additional dose to the prostate; eight cycles of hyperthermia treatment (8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive regional hyperthermia) were administered concurrently. Normalized neuron‐specific enolase levels and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a complete response. A few cancer cells were seen in the post‐treatment biopsy specimen, which demonstrated positive immunostaining for heat shock protein 70 and HIKESHI. Conclusion In this case, small cell carcinoma of the prostate was effectively treated with combined radiation and hyperthermia therapy.