Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Qualitative Methods to Translate, Adapt, and Revise Personality Inventories The Example of the HEXACO-100 and HEXACO-60 in Icelandic

Abstract: The Icelandic versions of the HEXACO-100 and HEXACO-60 were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The sample for HEXACO-100 consisted of N = 716, and the sample for HEXACO-60 of N = 319. Six respondents were recruited for cognitive interviews. Modification indices, factor loadings, and cognitive interviews were used to identify items in need of revision, identifying a total of 56 items. Examples of the types of information gained using a holistic approach during item identification are presented. While widely used in psychometric research, the combination of confirmatory factor analysis with cognitive interviews and probing is underutilized in research on personality assessment. A holistic approach toward psychometric evaluation provides valuable information and is recommended as an integral part of the validation process of personality instruments.