Study of metabolic association between elevated fasting blood glucose and cognitive deterioration

Objective·To analyze and explore the influencing factors that lead to cognitive deterioration in individuals with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the metabolic clues associated with changes in the risk of cognitive deterioration.Methods·Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database were downloaded, and the samples with FBG and follow-up data were selected from the database. Clinical information, including age, gender, body mass index, education years, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and race, and corresponding metabolic indicator data, including amino acids, fatty acids, proteins and others were obtained. Based on the FBG levels and diagnosis of cognitive impairment stages in Alzheimer's disease, the subjects were categorized into four groups: normal FBG without/with cognitive deterioration, and elevated FBG without/with cognitive deterioration. The univariate analysis method, the Cox proportional hazards model, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLSDA), and Spearman correlation analysis were employed for data analysis.Results·A total of 1 317 subjects were included, among which 1 153 had normal FBG level (>3.9 mmol/L and