The Translation, Culture-Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale Among Chinese Older Population

Sisi Zhang,1 Miao Yu,2 Yu Zhang,2 Conying Liang,2 Dayi Hu,1 Dao Wen Wang,1 Xiaoping Meng2 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoping Meng, Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, #1473 Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China, Email xiopingmeng@126.comPurpose: This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the cardiac rehabilitation barriers scale to the Chinese, and examine its reliability and validity among the older population.Methods: An approach comprising translation, cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity examination in the Chinese version was conducted in two hospitals in Jilin, China. The t-tests were used to compare the sex differences between each item. Participants included Chinese individuals > 60 who were eligible for the cardiac rehabilitation program.Results: In total, 325 participants completed the questionnaire with an average age of 61.23 ± 9.68 years. The item-total correlations were 0.432 to 0.678. Factor analysis of CRBS-C (Kaiser Meyer Olkin = 0.867, Bartlett’s test p = 0.000) revealed four factors: logistical factors, comorbidities/functional status, perceived need/healthcare factors, and work/time conflict. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated a good model fit (χ 2/df = 1.84, RMSEA = 0.051, CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.945, SRMR=0.046). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.88 for the scale, ranging from 0.801 to 0.88 for each item, which indicates the internal reliability was acceptable.Conclusion: The Chinese version of the CRRS has acceptable reliability and validity in the Chinese elderly population.Keywords: cardiac rehabilitation, internal reliability, cross-cultural adaptation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis