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Identification of Escherichia coli and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia

Authors :
Emmanuel Kabali
Girja Shanker Pandey
Musso Munyeme
Penjaninge Kapila
Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa
Joseph Ndebe
John Bwalya Muma
Charles Mubita
Walter Muleya
Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga
Shuya Mitoma
Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe
Anuwat Wiratsudakul
Mai Thi Ngan
Eslam Elhanafy
Hala El Daous
Nguyen Thi Huyen
Wataru Yamazaki
Tamaki Okabayashi
Maiku Abe
Junzo Norimine
Satoshi Sekiguchi
Source :
Antibiotics, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 238 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was used to identify and assess prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria isolated from healthy wildlife and livestock cohabiting at a 10,000 acres game ranch near Lusaka, Zambia. Purposive sampling was used to select wildlife and livestock based on similarities in behavior, grazing habits and close interactions with humans. Isolates (n = 66) from fecal samples collected between April and August 2018 (n = 84) were examined following modified protocols for bacteria isolation, biochemical identification, molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using R software, Genetyx ver.12 and Mega 6. Using Applied Profile Index 20E kit for biochemical identification, polymerase chain reaction assay and sequencing, sixty-six isolates were identified to species level, of which Escherichia coli (72.7%, 48/66), E. fergusonii (1.5%, 1/66), Shigella sonnei (22.7%, 14/66), Sh. flexinerri (1.5%, 1/66) and Enterobacteriaceae bacterium (1.5%, 1/66), and their relationships were illustrated in a phylogenetic tree. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance or intermediate sensitivity expression to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 89.6% of the E. coli, and 73.3% of the Shigella isolates. The E. coli isolates exhibited the highest resistance rates to ampicillin (27%), ceftazidime (14.3%), cefotaxime (9.5%), and kanamycin (9.5%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 18.8% of E. coli isolates while only 13.3% Shigella isolates showed MDR. The MDR was detected among isolates from impala and ostrich (wild animals in which no antimicrobial treatment was used), and in isolates from cattle, pigs, and goats (domesticated animals). This study indicates the possible transmission of drug-resistant microorganisms between animals cohabiting at the wildlife–livestock interface. It emphasizes the need for further investigation of the role of wildlife in the development and transmission of AMR, which is an issue of global concern.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20796382
Volume :
10
Issue :
3
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Antibiotics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.3669073848114fa79d223bab1240a5e5
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030238