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Two types of poor immunological responder showing distinct responses to long-term HAART
- Source :
- International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 86, Iss , Pp 178-187 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Objectives: Most previous studies on poor immunological responders (PIRs) have been performed on one cohort at one time-point following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are different subtypes of PIR and whether a certain population might achieve better immune reconstitution following longer HAART. Methods: This study was designed as an ambispective cohort study, including a 4–5-year retrospective study and a 2-year prospective follow-up investigation. Thymic output, activated T cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) subset frequencies, expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes, and plasma concentrations of neopterin were determined at 4–5 years and 6–7 years following HAART initiation. Results: PIRs were subdivided into two populations after 4–5 years of HAART, according to the kinetics of T cell recovery. Type II PIRs exhibited a significantly lower percentage of naïve CD4+ T cells and CD31+ naïve CD4+ T cells compared with type I PIRs. After an additional 2 years of HAART treatment, type I PIRs showed a better outcome than type II PIRs. Furthermore, it was found that 2 years of additional HAART could persistently improve thymic output. Conclusions: The two PIR subgroups are different in terms of immune characteristics and the response to prolonged HAART. Keywords: Poor immunological responders, Subdivision, Thymic output, Long-term HAART
- Subjects :
- Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 12019712
- Volume :
- 86
- Issue :
- 178-187
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- International Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.388ae4dce7c8487ba392307865d6f0ae
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.037