Estimating the Effective Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosols with the Use of CMIP6 Earth System Models

We investigate the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic aerosols using simulations from seven Earth System Models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The ERF of individual aerosol species (black carbon, organic carbon, sulphates) is quantified along with the all-aerosol ERF and decomposed into its aerosol–radiation interactions (ARI), aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) and surface albedo (ALB) components, using the method proposed by Ghan in 2013. We find that the total anthropogenic aerosol ERF at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is negative, mainly due to aerosol–cloud interactions. Sulphates exhibit a strongly negative ERF especially over industrialized regions of the Northern Hemisphere, such as Europe, North America, East and South Asia, while black carbon exerts a positive ERF predominantly over East and South Asia.