Bi-Level Real-Time Economic Dispatch of VPP Considering Uncertainty

In this paper, we propose a bi-level, real-time economic dispatch method of a virtual power plant (VPP), including various distributed energy resources (DERs). Considering the different interests of VPPs and a system operator, the real-time economic dispatch of VPPs is described as a bi-level programming problem, where a system operator dispatches VPPs based on the price incentive mechanism on the upper level, and the VPPs provide response according to the optimal control of their DERs on the lower level. Considering the uncertainties of DERs and loads, the decision risks of a system operator on the upper level and VPPs on the lower level are further dealt with by the fuzzy chance constrained programming, such that they can make reasonable decisions according to their own preferred risks. The mapping method and the bi-level optimization method are also presented as the solutions for the proposed model. In this way, the fuzzy chance constraints and objective functions of both levels are transformed into deterministic forms and, then, are calculated dispersedly. As a result, the calculation burden of a system operator and the information privacies of VPPs all can be treated availably. The case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in the end.