Smart Contract-Based Right-of-Way Trade with Game Theory in Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has a significant impact on improving traffic efficiency and driving safety. In this paper, we propose an intelligent transportation credit system based on blockchain, and design a crossroad passing smart contract that allows time-sensitive convoys to pass a crossroad earlier by paying traffic tokens for right-of-way trade. Second, this paper formulates the time–cost optimization problem under the premise of protecting the privacy of preceding convoys. Based on game theory with incomplete information, two right-of-way optimal bid strategies are given. Both theoretical analysis and simulation prove that the strategy proposed in this paper effectively reduces the waiting time of time-sensitive vehicles at a crossroad and increases the trade success probability, which, in turn, improves the expected total profit of convoys and achieves Pareto improvement.