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Structural Basis for PPARs Activation by The Dual PPARα/γ Agonist Sanguinarine: A Unique Mode of Ligand Recognition
- Source :
- Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 19, p 6012 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play crucial roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Sanguinarine is a natural product that is isolated from Sanguinaria Canadensis, a potential therapeutic agent for intervention in chronic diseases. In this study, biochemical and cell-based promoter-reporter gene assays revealed that sanguinarine activated both PPARα and PPARγ, and enhanced their transcriptional activity; thus, sanguinarine was identified as a dual agonist of PPARα/γ. Similar to fenofibrate, sanguinarine upregulates the expression of PPARα-target genes in hepatocytes. Sanguinarine also modulates the expression of key PPARγ-target genes and promotes adipocyte differentiation, but with a lower adipogenic activity compared with rosiglitazone. We report the crystal structure of sanguinarine bound to PPARα, which reveals a unique ligand-binding mode of sanguinarine, dissimilar to the classic Y-shaped binding pocket, which may represent a new pharmacophore that can be optimized for selectively targeting PPARα. Further structural and functional studies uncover the molecular basis for the selectivity of sanguinarine toward PPARα/γ among all three PPARs. In summary, our study identifies a PPARα/γ dual agonist with a unique ligand-binding mode, and provides a promising and viable novel template for the design of dual-targeting PPARs ligands.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14203049
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 19
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Molecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.41a9cf455a7a4aa6b41f8f9d05855512
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196012