CERN Large Hadron Collider optics model, measurements, and corrections

Optics stability during all phases of operation is crucial for the LHC. Tools and procedures have been developed for rapid checks of beta beating, dispersion, and linear coupling, as well as for prompt optics corrections. Important optics errors during the different phases of the beam commissioning were observed and locally corrected using the segment-by-segment technique. The most relevant corrections at injection have been corroborated with dedicated magnetic measurements.