The angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) gene polymorphism: Insight study of the renal regulation of the arterial blood pressure

Since the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) was originally described, it has become one of the best described hormonal systems, especially regarding the fact that it plays an important role in regulating blood volume and systemic vascular resistance, and thus indirectly influencing blood pressure (BP). On the other hand, arterial hypertension is one of the most pertinent disorders which plays an important role, not only in the progression of renal failure, but also represents a risk factor for the occurrence of end stage renal disease. Several epidemiological studies pointed out the fact that genetic predisposition accounts for about 30% of the BP variability. Up to date, there are several RAAS genes that may have effect in long-term BP control, but ACE is the most important and the most thoroughly examined. In this review, we present available data regarding the influence of gene polymorphisms of ACE on its function, within the RAAS related BP regulation. Therefore, by specially describing all its potential physiological roles, it will likely offer a new insight in the renal regulation of the BP, along with its other, not less important, roles.