Efficacy of Neonatal Porcine Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Xenotransplantation for the Therapy of Hind Limb Lymphedema in Mice

Lymphedema is an intractable disease with few effective therapeutic options. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for this disease. However, its use is limited by the cost and time for preparation. Recently, xenotransplantation of porcine MSCs has emerged as an alternative to autologous MSC transplantation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the usefulness of neonatal porcine bone marrow–derived MSC (NpBM-MSC) xenotransplantation for the treatment of lymphedema. One million NpBM-MSCs were xenotransplanted into the hind limbs of mice with severe lymphedema (MSC transplantation group). The therapeutic effects were assessed by measuring the femoral circumference, the volume of the hind limb, the number and diameter of lymphatic vessels in the hind limb, and lymphatic flow using a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging system. We compared the effects using mice with lymphedema that did not undergo NpBM-MSC transplantation (negative control group). The condition of the transplanted NpBM-MSCs was also evaluated histologically. The femoral circumference and volume of the hind limb had been normalized by postoperative day (POD) 14 in the MSC transplantation group, but not in the negative control group ( P = 0.041). NIRF imaging revealed that lymphatic flow had recovered in the MSC transplantation group by POD 14, as shown by an increase in luminance in the hind limb. Histological assessment also showed that the xenotransplantation of NpBM-MSC increased the proliferation of lymphatic vessels, but they had been rejected by POD 14. The xenotransplantation of NpBM-MSCs is an effective treatment for lymphedema, and this is mediated through the promotion of lymphangiogenesis.