Changes With Lanthanum Carbonate, Calcium Acetate, and Phosphorus Restriction in CKD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Abnormal phosphorus homeostasis develops early in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is unclear if its correction results in improved clinical outcomes in non–dialysis dependent CKD. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled, parallel design clinical trial in 120 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate 15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and abnormal phosphorus homeostasis (serum phosphorus >4.6 mg/dl, parathyroid hormone [PTH] >70 pg/ml or tubular reabsorption of phosphorus [TRP]